World Cultures                                                                                                                      F Block Group Work

 

Review Outline – “Muhammad and Emergence of Islam” – Middle East, Chapter 4

 

1.    THE FOUNDING OF ISLAM (Summary):

a.    Muhammad

 

                                                  i.      Important Terms – Koran, Kaaba, Mecca, Dome of the Rock

 

                                                ii.      MOST Important Point – Muhammad was meditating in a cave and the angel Gabriel preached the idea of the new religion of Islam to him and Muhammad spread the word of Islam.

 

b.    The Hijra

 

                                                  i.      Important Terms – Hijra (Hejira), Mecca,

                                                ii.      MOST Important Point – Muhammad fled from Mecca to Medina where his revelations changed and that’s where Islam grew.

 

c.    The Growth of the Muslim Community

 

                                                  i.      Important Terms – Mecca, Medina, Jerusalem

 

                                                ii.      MOST Important Point – Muhammad’s followers saw the defeat at the battle of Badr as a sign of God’s support and Muhammad gained a reputation as a leader, while later conquering Mecca and gaining followers from many more tribes.

 

2.    ISLAM: THE RELIGION: Islam, like Judiasm, is not only religion, but also a way a life.  Islam has certain beliefs and a system of worship.  It give believers specific rules about government, financing, family life, food, etiquette, business, dress, and personal hygiene.  “With the rise of Islam a new set of religious practices and writing emerged.  These made the new faith distinct from other monotheistic religions.”

a.    The Five Pillars of Islam

                                                  i.      Important Terms – Shahada, Salat, Sawm, Zakat, haji

                                                ii.      MOST Important Point – There is no God but Allah and Muhammad is his profet, Muslims must pray five times a day, the swam is fasting, zakat is charity, and haji is the pilgrimage  to Mecca.

 

b.    Koran

                                                  i.      Important Terms – Koran, suras

                                                ii.      MOST Important Point – The Koran is the Islamic holy book, the collection of Muhammad’s relevations through the angle Gabriel and has over 114 suras or chapters.

 

c.    Other Writings

                                                  i.      Important Terms –Hadith, authentication, Shari’a, ulema, imam

                                                ii.      MOST Important Point – In addition to the Koran, there are many non-holy works that are used for guides for the Islamic community.  After Muhammad’s death, these works became a part of Muslim tradition.  These works are guides for each Islamic individual and their society.

 

 

3.    ISLAM AND THE INDIVIDUAL

a.    Important Terms

                                                  i.      Calligraphy: Letters written with a special pen.

                                                ii.      Purdah: The seclusion of women from public observation

                                              iii.      Jidda: Port city in Saudi Arabia.

 

http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20070512173326AAKI5qi

 

 

4.    ISLAM AS AN INSTITUTION: Introduction (Islam As An Institution): A religion may also be a social institution.  A political institution is the government, and an example of an economic institution is an industrial corporation.

a.    Important Terms –

                                                  i.      Institution- an organization of people gathered for a common purpose p.96

1.    Political institution:  school

2.    Social institution: religion

                                                ii.      MUHAMMAD: prophet of Islam and ALLAH

                                              iii.      ABU AKHAR:  successor of Muhammad he was brother in law

                                             iv.      CALIPH: successor of prophets

                                               v.      Uthman: third successor of Muhammad he was murdered by hating Muslims

                                             vi.      Ali: 4th successor who was married to Muhammad’s daughter. He created his own division of Islam

                                           vii.      Shiite: followers of Ali

                                         viii.      Sunnites: supporters of mauyai

                                             ix.      Karbla: ceremony  of mourning of death of Husayn

                                               x.      Anthollas: hisghest ranking men in shittes  - Both where political /religious groups

b.    The Division of Islam: Shiites and Sunnites

1.    Ali, cousin of Muhammad, married Muhammad’s daughter

2.    Supporters of Ali are known as the Shiites

3.    Sunni’s are the group who disagree with this

                                                ii.      The Umayyads:

1.    A family of caliphs who ruled like monarchs

2.    They spread Islam throughout the Middle East, and changed many laws to prevent what we call “the division between church and state”.

 

 

Website: http://209.85.173.104/search?q=cache:-0n3KUOiY-gJ:hnn.us/articles/934.html+difference+between+shiite+and+sunni&hl=en&ct=clnk&cd=1&gl=us

 

c.    Muhammad’s Successors

                                                  i.      Important Terms –

                                                ii.      MOST Important Point – They ears following his death were a bitter power struggle among several rival factions, each claiming the right to choose a successor.

1.    Abu Bakr

a.     Muhammad’s father-in-law

b.    Recognized as the first successor

 

d.    The Division of Islam: Shiites and Sunnites

 

                                                  i.      Important Terms –

1.    Ali, cousin of Muhammad, married Muhammad’s daughter

2.    Supporters of Ali are known as the Shiites

3.    Sunni’s are the group who disagree with this

                                                ii.      MOST Important Point –

 

e.    The Umayyads

                                                  i.      Important Terms –

                                                ii.      MOST Important Point –


5.    THE EXPANSION OF ISLAM

a.    The Arab Conquests

                                                  i.      Important Terms –

                                                ii.      MOST Important Point –

 

b.    Jihad

                                                  i.      Important Terms –

                                                ii.      MOST Important Point –

 

c.    The Abbasids

                                                  i.      Important Terms –

                                                ii.      MOST Important Point –