The Participle

 

A participle is a verb form that can be used as an adjective.

 

1)      Present participles end in – ing.

 

Examples: Our soccer team had a winning season. [Winning modifies season.]

 

Shivering with cold, we decided to go indoors. [Shivering modifies we.]

 

I found three kittens sleeping in the flower bed. [Sleeping modifies kittens.]

 

2)      Most past participles end in –d or –ed. Some are irregularly formed.

 

Examples: We visited a Spanish mission established in the 1600s. [Established modifies mission.]

 

The swollen river overflowed its banks. [Swollen modifies river.]

 

Do not confuse a participle used as an adjective with a participle used as part of a verb phrase.

 

            adjective: We found Ms. Jacobs working in her garden.

            verb phrase: Ms. Jacobs was working in her garden.